Did you know that four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t even know it? Scary, right? The thing is, gum disease often starts without any noticeable symptoms. Unlike tooth decay, which can make your teeth ache, gum disease can silently progress, leaving you unaware of the damage it’s causing. That's why regular dental checkups are crucial in identifying gum problems early on—before they turn into something more serious. At Dr. Anthony Parella’s office in Somerville, MA, we’re here to help you understand how to spot the signs of gingivitis and periodontitis (gum disease) and what you can do to protect your smile.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, begins with the buildup of plaque—a sticky, colorless film made up of bacteria, food debris, and saliva that forms on your teeth and gums. If plaque is left untreated, it hardens into tartar and can lead to inflammation, infection, and, eventually, the destruction of the supporting bone structure in your mouth. Poor oral hygiene is the main cause of this process, but other factors can increase your risk.
The Two Stages of Gum Disease
1. Gingivitis: The Early Stage of Gum Disease
Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease and is usually reversible with proper oral care. During this stage, the bacteria in plaque begin to irritate and inflame your gums. Common signs of gingivitis include:
Red and swollen gums: Healthy gums should be pink and firm, not red and puffy.
Bleeding gums: Gums should never bleed when you brush or floss, but if they do, it’s a clear sign of gingivitis.
Bad breath: Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth can be caused by bacteria building up along the gums.
If caught early, gingivitis can be treated easily with better oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing more effectively and regularly. A professional cleaning at Dr. Parella’s office can also help remove the tartar that causes the problem.
2. Periodontitis: The Advanced Stage of Gum Disease
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that causes irreversible damage to your gums and the bone that supports your teeth. Signs that you may be developing periodontitis include:
New gaps between your teeth: Loss of bone around the teeth can cause shifting or changes in spacing.
Loose teeth: Bone loss or weakened fibers that connect your teeth to the jawbone can cause teeth to become loose.
Pus around the gums: This is a sign of infection and should be addressed immediately by your dentist.
Receding gums: Gums may start to pull away from the teeth, exposing more of the tooth’s surface.
Persistent discomfort or tenderness: Ongoing pain or discomfort when chewing, brushing, or flossing can indicate a more serious infection.
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease
While poor oral hygiene is the main cause of gum disease, several other factors can increase your risk, including:
Tobacco use: Smokers and users of chewing tobacco are more likely to form plaque and tartar on their teeth, making them more susceptible to gum disease.
Medications: Certain drugs, including those for cancer treatments, blood pressure, and oral contraceptives, can reduce saliva, which protects your gums from bacteria.
Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can make gums more sensitive to bacteria, increasing the risk of gum disease.
Systemic health conditions: Diseases like diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and blood disorders can affect the health of your gums.
Family history: If your family has a history of periodontal disease or tooth loss, you may be more likely to develop gum problems as well.
Prevention is Key: How to Protect Your Gums
Good oral hygiene is the best way to prevent both gingivitis and periodontitis. Here’s what you can do to keep your gums healthy:
Brush and floss regularly: Make sure to brush at least twice a day and floss once a day to remove plaque buildup.
Avoid tobacco: Quitting smoking or chewing tobacco can significantly reduce your risk of gum disease.
Eat a balanced diet: Proper nutrition helps your gums stay strong and resist infections.
Visit your dentist regularly: Professional cleanings every six months can remove tartar and spot early signs of gum disease.
Schedule Your Checkup Today
Gum disease doesn’t always come with pain or discomfort, which is why regular dental checkups are so important. If you’re experiencing any signs of gum disease, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with Dr. Anthony Parella today! With a personalized evaluation, we can help you maintain healthy gums and keep your smile looking and feeling great.
Call us at (617) 625-3022 to book your visit and take the first step toward a healthier mouth!